Stay up to date this MLB Season with the daily Baseball Reference Newsletter.

Chris Getz

Position: Second Baseman

Bats: Left • Throws: Right

6-0, 185lb (183cm, 83kg)

Born: August 30, 1983 in Southfield, MI us

Draft: Drafted by the Chicago White Sox in the 6th round of the 2002 MLB June Amateur Draft from Grosse Pointe South HS (Grosse Pointe Farms, MI) and the Chicago White Sox in the 4th round of the 2005 MLB June Amateur Draft from University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, MI).

High School: Grosse Pointe South HS (Grosse Pointe Farms, MI)

Schools: Wake Forest University (Winston-Salem, NC), University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, MI)

Debut: August 12, 2008 (Age 24-348d, 19,393rd in major league history)
vs. KCR 1 AB, 1 H, 0 HR, 1 RBI, 0 SB

Last Game: May 10, 2014 (Age 30-253d)
vs. LAA 3 AB, 0 H, 0 HR, 0 RBI, 0 SB

Rookie Status: Exceeded rookie limits during 2009 season

Agents: SFX

Full Name: Christopher Ryan Getz

View Player Info from the B-R Bullpen

Become a Stathead & surf this site ad-free.

SUMMARY

Career

WAR

1.4

1409

352

.250

176

RBI

111

OBP

.309

SLG

.307

OPS

.616

OPS+

Feel like you're looking for a needle in a haystack?

Unleash the power of our game logs database by becoming a Stathead. Subscribers gain access to Player and Team Game Finders, which pros use to easily run customizable searches through over 100 years worth of game logs.

Become a Stathead

Summary

Team Record in Appearances	43-35 / in Starts: 34-28
Longest Hitting Streak	4 games
Longest On Base Streak	5 games
Most Games w/o HR	54 games
Most Games w/o RBI	8 games
Grand Slams	0 in 8 bases loaded PA and 8 AB
Go-Ahead Hits:	2

RBI Opportunities

RBIs
in 237 PAs	18
Actual Runners on Base	143 (65-45-33)
Avg. MLBer w/ 237 PAs	25
Avg. Runners on Base	141 (71-46-24)

Most Driven In
L Cain	3
J Francoeur	3
J Maxwell	2
S PÃ©rez	2
M Moustakas	2
E BonifÃ¡cio	1
J Dyson	1
G Kottaras	1

Most Driven In By
A Gordon	14
A Escobar	6
B Butler	2
Self	1
J Maxwell	1
E Hosmer	1
J Dyson	1
J Carroll	1

2013 Batting Game Log

Click two rows to sum games (Clear)

2013 Batting Game Log
Rk	Gcar	Gtm	Date	Tm		Opp	Rslt	Inngs	PA	AB	R	H	2B	3B	HR	RBI	BB	IBB	SO	HBP	SH	SF	ROE	GDP	SB	CS	BA	OBP	SLG	OPS	BOP	aLI	WPA	acLI	cWPA	RE24	Pos
1	372	1	Apr 1	KCR	@	CHW	L,0-1	CG	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	.000	.000	.000	.000	9	1.91	-0.173	2.06	-0.11%	-1.23	2B
2	373	2	Apr 3	KCR	@	CHW	L,2-5	GS-7	2	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	.000	.000	.000	.000	9	.54	0.020	.55	0.01%	0.16	2B
3	374	3	Apr 4	KCR	@	CHW	W,3-1	CG	3	3	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.125	.125	.125	.250	9	.84	0.088	.82	0.05%	0.60	2B
4	375	4	Apr 5	KCR	@	PHI	W,13-4	CG	5	5	1	3	1	1	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.308	.308	.538	.846	8	.76	0.137	.70	0.08%	2.58	2B
5	376	5	Apr 6	KCR	@	PHI	L,3-4	7-GF	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.286	.286	.500	.786	9	.27	-0.007	.25	0.00%	-0.09	PH 2B
6	377	6	Apr 7	KCR	@	PHI	W,9-8	CG	5	5	2	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	.316	.316	.526	.842	8	.57	0.052	.52	0.03%	-0.68	2B
7	378	7	Apr 8	KCR		MIN	W,3-1	CG	3	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	.286	.286	.476	.762	9	2.34	-0.161	2.49	-0.10%	-1.20	2B
8	379	8	Apr 9	KCR		MIN	W,7-4	CG	4	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.240	.240	.400	.640	9	.33	-0.043	.38	-0.03%	-1.37	2B
9	380	9	Apr 10	KCR		MIN	W,3-0	CG	4	4	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.241	.241	.379	.621	9	.86	-0.078	.99	-0.05%	-1.01	2B
10	381	11 (1)	Apr 13	KCR		TOR	L,2-3	CG	4	4	1	3	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.303	.303	.455	.758	9	1.08	0.135	1.18	0.09%	0.99	2B
11	382	12	Apr 14	KCR		TOR	W,3-2	CG	4	3	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	.306	.306	.472	.778	9	1.47	0.033	1.49	0.02%	-0.41	2B
12	383	13	Apr 16	KCR	@	ATL	L,3-6	CG	4	4	2	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.300	.300	.525	.825	8	.82	0.044	.85	0.03%	0.48	2B
13	384	14	Apr 17	KCR	@	ATL	W,1-0	CG	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.279	.279	.488	.767	8	1.31	-0.095	1.26	-0.06%	-0.82	2B
14	385	15	Apr 20	KCR	@	BOS	L,3-4	GS-9	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.261	.261	.457	.717	9	1.22	-0.099	1.34	-0.07%	-0.84	2B
15	386	16	Apr 21 (1)	KCR	@	BOS	W,4-2	CG	4	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.240	.240	.420	.660	9	.65	-0.068	.70	-0.05%	-0.93	2B
16	387	17	Apr 21 (2)	KCR	@	BOS	W,5-4	10-GF(10)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		0	0	0		0		0	0	.240	.240	.420	.660	9						2B
17	388	18	Apr 24	KCR	@	DET	L,5-7	CG	4	3	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.245	.259	.415	.674	9	1.20	0.052	1.60	0.04%	0.60	2B
18	389	19	Apr 25	KCR	@	DET	W,8-3	CG(10)	5	4	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	.228	.241	.386	.627	9	1.75	-0.169	2.27	-0.13%	-1.72	2B
19	390	21 (1)	Apr 28 (1)	KCR		CLE	W,9-0	CG	4	3	2	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.233	.258	.383	.641	9	.46	-0.047	.60	-0.04%	-0.16	2B
20	391	22	Apr 28 (2)	KCR		CLE	L,3-10	CG	4	4	0	1	0	0	0	2	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.234	.258	.375	.633	9	.37	0.040	.48	0.03%	1.13	2B
21	392	23	Apr 29	KCR		CLE	L,0-9	GS-8	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.227	.250	.364	.614	9	.26	-0.013	.35	-0.01%	-0.26	2B
May		Gtm	Date	Tm		Opp	Rslt	Inngs	PA	AB	R	H	2B	3B	HR	RBI	BB	IBB	SO	HBP	SH	SF	ROE	GDP	SB	CS	BA	OBP	SLG	OPS	BOP	aLI	WPA	acLI	cWPA	RE24	Pos
22	393	26 (2)	May 4	KCR		CHW	W,2-0	CG	4	4	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.229	.250	.357	.607	9	.44	-0.019	.56	-0.01%	-0.44	2B
23	394	27	May 5	KCR		CHW	W,6-5	9-GF(10)	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.229	.260	.357	.617	8	3.65	0.019	4.51	0.01%	0.35	PR 2B
24	395	28	May 6	KCR		CHW	L,1-2	CG(11)	4	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.216	.247	.338	.585	9	1.09	-0.112	1.40	-0.09%	-0.95	2B
25	396	31 (2)	May 9	KCR	@	BAL	W,6-2	CG	4	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.205	.235	.321	.555	9	.44	-0.043	.50	-0.03%	-0.86	2B
26	397	35 (3)	May 13	KCR	@	LAA	W,11-4	CG	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.193	.221	.301	.522	9	.49	-0.058	.51	-0.04%	-1.46	2B
27	398	40 (4)	May 19	KCR	@	OAK	L,3-4	CG	4	3	1	2	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.209	.244	.314	.558	9	1.01	0.147	1.05	0.09%	1.22	2B
28	399	42 (1)	May 21	KCR	@	HOU	W,7-3	GS-7	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	.205	.239	.307	.546	9	1.08	-0.074	.92	-0.04%	-0.73	2B
29	400	43	May 22	KCR	@	HOU	L,1-3	CG	4	3	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.209	.250	.308	.558	1	1.73	-0.076	1.69	-0.05%	-0.50	2B
30	401	44	May 23	KCR		LAA	L,4-5	CG	5	3	1	1	1	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.213	.267	.319	.586	1	1.55	0.116	1.46	0.07%	0.62	2B
31	402	45	May 24	KCR		LAA	L,2-5	CG	4	4	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	.214	.267	.316	.583	1	1.62	-0.011	1.33	-0.01%	-0.42	2B
32	403	46	May 25	KCR		LAA	L,0-7	GS-6	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	.208	.259	.307	.566	1	1.38	-0.210	1.05	-0.10%	-1.52	2B
33	404	47	May 26	KCR		LAA	L,2-5	CG	5	4	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	.210	.265	.305	.570	1	1.26	0.068	.87	0.03%	0.05	2B
34	405	50 (2)	May 29	KCR	@	STL	L,3-5	GS-7	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.204	.259	.296	.555	8	1.08	-0.105	.55	-0.03%	-0.92	2B
35	406	51	May 30	KCR	@	STL	W,4-2	9-9	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.204	.265	.296	.561	5	.32	0.003	.14	0.00%	0.35	PH
36	407	52	May 31	KCR	@	TEX	L,2-7	CG	3	3	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	.216	.275	.306	.581	9	.89	0.007	.48	0.00%	0.23	2B
Jun		Gtm	Date	Tm		Opp	Rslt	Inngs	PA	AB	R	H	2B	3B	HR	RBI	BB	IBB	SO	HBP	SH	SF	ROE	GDP	SB	CS	BA	OBP	SLG	OPS	BOP	aLI	WPA	acLI	cWPA	RE24	Pos
37	408	54 (1)	Jun 2	KCR	@	TEX	L,1-3	CG	4	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.209	.266	.296	.562	9	1.42	-0.145	.84	-0.05%	-1.21	2B
38	409	56 (1)	Jun 5	KCR		MIN	W,4-1	CG	4	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	.203	.266	.288	.554	8	.66	-0.085	.34	-0.03%	-1.36	2B
39	410	57	Jun 6	KCR		MIN	W,7-3	CG	3	3	0	1	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.207	.267	.289	.556	8	1.99	0.057	1.19	0.02%	0.86	2B
40	411	58	Jun 7	KCR		HOU	W,4-2	CG	4	4	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.208	.267	.288	.555	8	1.10	-0.046	.61	-0.02%	-0.91	2B
41	412	60 (1)	Jun 9	KCR		HOU	W,2-0	CG	3	3	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	.211	.268	.289	.557	9	1.46	0.041	1.00	0.02%	-0.04	2B
42	413	61	Jun 10	KCR		DET	W,3-2	CG	3	2	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	.215	.271	.292	.564	8	1.15	-0.054	1.08	-0.03%	-0.61	2B
43	414	62	Jun 11	KCR		DET	L,2-3	CG	3	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	.212	.268	.288	.555	8	1.72	-0.101	1.99	-0.07%	-0.54	2B
44	415	64 (1)	Jun 13	KCR	@	TBR	W,10-1	9-GF	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.212	.273	.288	.561	4	.00	0.000	.00	0.00%	0.22	PH DH
45	416	68 (3)	Jun 17	KCR	@	CLE	W,2-1	CG	4	3	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.215	.279	.289	.568	8	1.32	0.039	1.53	0.03%	0.17	2B
46	417	69	Jun 18	KCR	@	CLE	L,3-4	CG	4	4	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.216	.278	.288	.566	8	2.16	-0.196	2.47	-0.13%	-0.95	2B
47	418	71 (1)	Jun 21	KCR		CHW	L,1-9	8-GF	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.214	.276	.286	.562	9	.01	0.000	.01	0.00%	-0.10	2B
Jul		Gtm	Date	Tm		Opp	Rslt	Inngs	PA	AB	R	H	2B	3B	HR	RBI	BB	IBB	SO	HBP	SH	SF	ROE	GDP	SB	CS	BA	OBP	SLG	OPS	BOP	aLI	WPA	acLI	cWPA	RE24	Pos
48	419	93 (21)	Jul 19	KCR		DET	W,1-0	CG	3	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	.211	.277	.282	.559	9	1.10	-0.022	.65	-0.01%	-0.23	2B
49	420	94	Jul 20	KCR		DET	W,6-5	GS-5	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	.208	.274	.278	.552	9	1.90	-0.005	1.42	0.00%	-0.21	2B
50	421	97 (2)	Jul 23	KCR		BAL	W,3-2	CG	4	2	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	2	0	.212	.281	.281	.562	9	.75	0.109	.27	0.02%	1.36	2B
51	422	98	Jul 24	KCR		BAL	W,4-3	CG	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	.208	.276	.275	.551	8	2.10	-0.241	1.01	-0.07%	-1.31	2B
52	423	99	Jul 25	KCR		BAL	W,7-1	CG	4	3	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.211	.281	.283	.564	8	.23	0.017	.11	0.01%	0.15	2B
53	424	101 (1)	Jul 27	KCR	@	CHW	W,1-0	CG	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	.209	.280	.281	.561	9	1.37	-0.064	.75	-0.02%	-0.65	2B
Aug		Gtm	Date	Tm		Opp	Rslt	Inngs	PA	AB	R	H	2B	3B	HR	RBI	BB	IBB	SO	HBP	SH	SF	ROE	GDP	SB	CS	BA	OBP	SLG	OPS	BOP	aLI	WPA	acLI	cWPA	RE24	Pos
54	425	116 (14)	Aug 12	KCR		MIA	W,6-2	CG	4	4	1	3	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	.223	.291	.293	.584	7	.69	0.108	.66	0.06%	1.52	2B
55	426	117	Aug 13	KCR		MIA	L,0-1	CG(10)	4	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.217	.284	.286	.570	1	.90	-0.090	1.00	-0.06%	-0.66	2B
56	427	118	Aug 14	KCR		MIA	L,2-5	CG	4	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	.216	.294	.284	.578	7	1.13	0.014	1.20	0.01%	0.40	2B
57	428	119	Aug 15	KCR	@	DET	L,1-4	CG	4	4	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	.223	.299	.289	.588	1	1.01	0.028	1.15	0.02%	0.18	2B
58	429	120	Aug 16 (1)	KCR	@	DET	W,2-1	CG	4	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.218	.293	.282	.575	1	.70	-0.071	.63	-0.04%	-0.82	2B
59	430	121	Aug 16 (2)	KCR	@	DET	W,3-0	CG	4	4	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.224	.297	.287	.584	9	.62	0.074	.56	0.04%	0.91	2B
60	431	122	Aug 17	KCR	@	DET	L,5-6	CG	5	5	1	2	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.229	.299	.291	.590	8	2.35	-0.036	3.48	-0.03%	0.06	2B
61	432	123	Aug 18	KCR	@	DET	L,3-6	CG	4	4	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.230	.299	.290	.588	7	.62	-0.002	.71	0.00%	-0.31	2B
62	433	124	Aug 20	KCR		CHW	L,0-2	CG	3	3	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.237	.304	.296	.600	9	1.67	-0.021	1.04	-0.01%	-0.01	2B
63	434	125	Aug 21	KCR		CHW	L,2-5	CG	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	.230	.297	.288	.585	1	1.12	-0.165	.56	-0.05%	-1.62	2B
64	435	126	Aug 22	KCR		CHW	L,3-4	11-GF(12)	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.229	.295	.286	.582	6	4.90	-0.138	1.76	-0.03%	-0.36	2B
65	436	127	Aug 23	KCR		WSN	L,10-11	CG	4	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.224	.290	.281	.570	8	.73	-0.106	.19	-0.02%	-1.24	2B
66	437	131 (3)	Aug 27	KCR	@	MIN	W,6-1	CG	5	5	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	.224	.288	.279	.566	7	1.76	0.035	.31	0.00%	-0.20	2B
67	438	133 (1)	Aug 29	KCR	@	MIN	W,3-1	CG	3	2	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	.227	.293	.281	.574	8	.85	0.066	.29	0.01%	0.83	2B
68	439	134	Aug 30	KCR	@	TOR	L,2-3	9-GF	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		0	0	0		0		0	0	.227	.293	.281	.574	6						PR
69	440	135	Aug 31	KCR	@	TOR	L,2-4	9-GF	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		0	0	0		0		0	1	.227	.293	.281	.574	9	2.81	-0.077	.93	-0.02%	-0.50	PR
Sept		Gtm	Date	Tm		Opp	Rslt	Inngs	PA	AB	R	H	2B	3B	HR	RBI	BB	IBB	SO	HBP	SH	SF	ROE	GDP	SB	CS	BA	OBP	SLG	OPS	BOP	aLI	WPA	acLI	cWPA	RE24	Pos
70	441	138 (2)	Sep 3	KCR		SEA	W,4-3	GS-3	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.225	.291	.279	.571	2	.75	-0.019	.27	0.00%	-0.24	2B
71	442	144 (5)	Sep 9	KCR	@	CLE	L,3-4	9-GF	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		0	0	0		0		0	0	.225	.291	.279	.571	5						PR
72	443	145	Sep 10	KCR	@	CLE	W,6-3	9-GF	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		0	0	0		0		2	0	.225	.291	.279	.571	4	.07	0.003	.03	0.00%	0.13	PR DH
73	444	148 (2)	Sep 14	KCR	@	DET	W,1-0	3-GF	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.224	.293	.278	.571	2	1.95	-0.042	1.04	-0.01%	-0.39	2B
74	445	152 (3)	Sep 18	KCR		CLE	W,7-2	8-GF	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0		0	0	0		0		0	0	.224	.293	.278	.571	4		0.000		0.00%	0.00	PR DH
75	446	155 (2)	Sep 22	KCR		TEX	W,4-0	10-GF(10)	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0		0	0	0		0		0	0	.224	.293	.278	.571	4		0.000		0.00%	0.00	PR DH
76	447	156	Sep 23	KCR	@	SEA	W,6-5	8-10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		0	0	0		0		0	0	.224	.293	.278	.571	4						PR DH
77	448	159 (2)	Sep 26	KCR	@	CHW	W,3-2	CG	4	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.220	.288	.273	.561	9	.91	-0.110	.00	0.00%	-1.16	2B
78	449	161 (1)	Sep 28	KCR	@	CHW	L,5-6	9-GF	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		0	0	0		0		1	0	.220	.288	.273	.561	1	2.80	0.033	.00	0.00%	0.09	PR
							43-35		237	209	29	46	6	1	1	18	20	3	24	0	8	0	1	9	16	3	.220	.288	.273	.561		1.15	-1.912	.99	-0.91%	-17.89

Player Page Tricks and Tips

More Getz Pages

Chris Getz Overview

Minor & Fall Lg Stats

Batting Splits

Batting Game Logs

Fielding Game Logs

Batting Finders & Advanced Stats

Fielding Finders & Advanced Stats

Advanced Stats

More Chris Getz Pages at Baseball Reference